Before Roman times England (Cornwall) was famous for its tin mines.
And it stayed that way in Roman times.
In 55 BC and 54 BC Julius Caesar landed in the south of Britain, but without lasting effect.
In 43/44 Claudius conquered England, but not Scotland.
In 50 Caractatus revolted, but was defeated.
In 61 Boadicea revolted, and was also defeated.
Constantius I Chlorus reigned as vice-emperor in York, and his son Constantine the Great was crowned there as his successor. He gradually conquered the whole of the Roman empire.
Magnus Maximus tried to do the same, but the withdrawal of troops from England gave invaders like Vortigern possibilities, and king Arthur had to defend. It lead to the start of the Middle Ages.

Early Christianity:
Joseph of Arimathea, one of the first disciples of Jesus Christ went according to the legend to Glastonbury.
Another famous Christian of Roman times is St. George

Roman governors
Aulus Plautius (43-7 AD)
P. Ostorius Scapula (47-52). Defeated Caractatus, but did not end the revolt.
Aulus Didius Gallus (52-7) Ended the revolt.
D. Veranius Nepos (57-9)
C. Suetonius Paulinus (59-61)
P. Petronius Turpilianus (61-3)
M. Trebellius Maximus (63-9)
M. Vettius Bolanus (69-71)
Q. Petillius Cerealis (71-4)
S. Julius Frontinus (74-8)
Cn. Julius Agricola (78-85)
Sallustius Lucullus (85-?)
Metilius Nepos (c.95-8)
T. Avidius Quietus (c.98-101)
L. Neratius Marcellus (c.101-3)
P. Pomponius Mammilianus (c.103-9)
Q. Roscius Falco (c.118-22)
A. Plaetorius Nepos (122-6)
M. Appius Bradua (c.126-9)
L. Mummius Sisenna (c.129-33)
Cn. Minucius Severus (c.133-8)
Q. Lollius Urbicus (138-44)
Cn. Papirius Aelianus (c.144-50)
Cn. Julius Verus (c.155-60)
M. Statius Italicus (160-1)
S. Calpurnius Agricola (161-5)
C. Julius (c.166-70)
L. Ulpius Marcellus (c.170-5, c.183-4 )
Q. Antistius Adventus (c.175-80)
P. Helvius Pertinax (192-97)
D. Clodius Albinus (198-200)
Virius Lupus (c.200-5)
Pollenius Auspex (c.205-9)
L. Alfenius Senecio

Links:
World66: England
World66: Wales
Britain, Phoenicia's Secret Treasure, and its Conversion to Christianity
History of Britain
King Arthur
Newton Chapter 6: the Ten Horns